A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection

Lee MacLeod; David King; Euan Dempster

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52249-0_38

A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection

Lee MacLeod^*, David King, Euan Dempster

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

The uses of artificial intelligence (AI) today seem limitless. It has helped organisations understand their customers more, provide them with better, more tailored services, and helped people with disabilities understand the world they previously could not. There are also many areas of current research for the use of AI. Aiding law-enforcement when they must analyse evidence of an indecent nature is one example where the use of AI, if successful, could enhance detection of indecent images and also reduce the workload and stress on the law enforcement staff employed in such activities. Working with indecent images of minors is particularly stressful. This paper reviews the current stage at which artificial intelligence finds itself when estimating a person’s age. By reviewing its accuracy, it is possible to evaluate the feasibility of its inclusion in an artificial-intelligence-aided evidence analysis tool. With artificial intelligence currently capable of estimating a person’s age to within a few years, its incorporation would most certainly allow photographs to be analysed and flagged if anyone is suspected of being underage.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Intelligent computing
Subtitle of host publication	proceedings of the 2020 Computing conference
Editors	Kohei Arai, Supriya Kapoor, Rahul Bhatia
Place of Publication	Cham
Publisher	Springer
Pages	566-580
Number of pages	15
Volume	1
ISBN (Electronic)	9783030522490
ISBN (Print)	9783030522483
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52249-0_38
Publication status	Published - 3 Aug 2020
Event	Computing Conference 2020 - online/virtual event, London, United Kingdom Duration: 16 Jul 2020 → 17 Jul 2020 https://saiconference.com/Computing

Publication series

Name	Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC)
Publisher	Springer
Volume	1228
ISSN (Print)	2194-5357
ISSN (Electronic)	2194-5365

Conference

Conference	Computing Conference 2020
Country	United Kingdom
City	London
Period	16/07/20 → 17/07/20
Internet address	https://saiconference.com/Computing

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-52249-0_38

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MacLeod_AReviewOfAgeEstimationResearch_Accepted_2019
Accepted author manuscript, 818 KB
Embargo ends: 4/07/21

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Euan Dempster
- E513556@abertay.ac.uk
- SDI - Games Technology & Mathematics - School Academic Advisor
Person: Academic

Cite this

MacLeod, L., King, D., & Dempster, E. (2020). A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection. In K. Arai, S. Kapoor, & R. Bhatia (Eds.), Intelligent computing: proceedings of the 2020 Computing conference (Vol. 1, pp. 566-580). (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC); Vol. 1228). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52249-0_38

MacLeod, Lee ; King, David ; Dempster, Euan. / A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection. Intelligent computing: proceedings of the 2020 Computing conference. editor / Kohei Arai ; Supriya Kapoor ; Rahul Bhatia. Vol. 1 Cham : Springer, 2020. pp. 566-580 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC)).

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title = "A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection",

abstract = "The uses of artificial intelligence (AI) today seem limitless. It has helped organisations understand their customers more, provide them with better, more tailored services, and helped people with disabilities understand the world they previously could not. There are also many areas of current research for the use of AI. Aiding law-enforcement when they must analyse evidence of an indecent nature is one example where the use of AI, if successful, could enhance detection of indecent images and also reduce the workload and stress on the law enforcement staff employed in such activities. Working with indecent images of minors is particularly stressful. This paper reviews the current stage at which artificial intelligence finds itself when estimating a person{\textquoteright}s age. By reviewing its accuracy, it is possible to evaluate the feasibility of its inclusion in an artificial-intelligence-aided evidence analysis tool. With artificial intelligence currently capable of estimating a person{\textquoteright}s age to within a few years, its incorporation would most certainly allow photographs to be analysed and flagged if anyone is suspected of being underage.",

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MacLeod, L , King, D & Dempster, E 2020, A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection. in K Arai, S Kapoor & R Bhatia (eds), Intelligent computing: proceedings of the 2020 Computing conference. vol. 1, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC), vol. 1228, Springer, Cham, pp. 566-580, Computing Conference 2020, London, United Kingdom, 16/07/20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52249-0_38

A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection. / MacLeod, Lee ; King, David ; Dempster, Euan.

Intelligent computing: proceedings of the 2020 Computing conference. ed. / Kohei Arai; Supriya Kapoor; Rahul Bhatia. Vol. 1 Cham : Springer, 2020. p. 566-580 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC); Vol. 1228).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

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AU - King, David

AU - Dempster, Euan

PY - 2020/8/3

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AB - The uses of artificial intelligence (AI) today seem limitless. It has helped organisations understand their customers more, provide them with better, more tailored services, and helped people with disabilities understand the world they previously could not. There are also many areas of current research for the use of AI. Aiding law-enforcement when they must analyse evidence of an indecent nature is one example where the use of AI, if successful, could enhance detection of indecent images and also reduce the workload and stress on the law enforcement staff employed in such activities. Working with indecent images of minors is particularly stressful. This paper reviews the current stage at which artificial intelligence finds itself when estimating a person’s age. By reviewing its accuracy, it is possible to evaluate the feasibility of its inclusion in an artificial-intelligence-aided evidence analysis tool. With artificial intelligence currently capable of estimating a person’s age to within a few years, its incorporation would most certainly allow photographs to be analysed and flagged if anyone is suspected of being underage.

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MacLeod L , King D , Dempster E. A review of age estimation research to evaluate its inclusion in automated child pornography detection. In Arai K, Kapoor S, Bhatia R, editors, Intelligent computing: proceedings of the 2020 Computing conference. Vol. 1. Cham: Springer. 2020. p. 566-580. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (AISC)). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52249-0_38