Prescription of the loads

The one-repetition maximum (1RM) is a key benchmark for tailoring loads in resistance training (RT), but it has limitations: (i) direct assessment is time-consuming and physically and psychologically demanding, and (ii) 1RM fluctuates, owing to non-training-related stressors (e.g., lack of sleep or mental fatigue) and changes systematically with training or detraining. These drawbacks have led many coaches to reconsider relying on 1RM for individualizing RT loads. To address these issues, velocity-based training (VBT) has gained traction, enabling more frequent and less stressful 1RM estimation through quicker testing procedures. This section explores three primary methods for prescribing absolute loads to match specific relative loads (%1RM) using lifting velocity monitoring, ranked by accuracy: (i) velocity zones; (ii) generalized load-velocity (L-V) relationships; and (iii) individualized L-V relationships. The chapter concludes by highlighting nine key factors—exercise selection, velocity variable, regression model, number of loads, location of experimental points on the L-V relationship, minimal velocity threshold, velocity feedback, measuring device, and assessment frequency—essential for accurately and efficiently modeling individualized L-V relationships to predict 1RM and establish %1RM-velocity profiles.