“You’re living in a world of one": an exploration of loneliness and isolation among people with visual impairment in the United Kingdom

Introduction: This study was commissioned by Vision Foundation/Fight for Sight. It explores experiences of loneliness and isolation among people with visual impairments in the United Kingdom. Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and August 2023. Transcripts of interviews were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Interview themes informed the design of a survey, consisting of open and closed questions, that received 162 responses. Loneliness was measured in both samples, using the UCLA-3 scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated from the survey to assess the prevalence of loneliness among the sample. Results: Analysis of interviews identified three overarching themes: (1) living with a visual impairment, (2) psychosocial impacts, and (3) mitigating factors. Thirteen subthemes were identified and are illustrated using quotes from participants. High levels of loneliness were found, both in the interview and survey samples. No additional themes were identified within the survey responses. Discussion: Participants spoke about disruptions to friendships, family, and romantic or partner relationships that were distressing and painful, leading to feelings of rejection, isolation, and loneliness. Interviewees also highlighted difficulties in being able to make new connections through being excluded by the actions and attitudes of others, either through ignorance or deliberate discrimination. Almost all the participants said they regularly felt anxious about interacting with others or taking part in activities that required them to leave their homes. Implications for practitioners: Tackling systemic barriers, such as inaccessible venues, transport, and societal attitudes, which compound the challenges faced by people with visual impairments, and providing tailored support, which prioritizes emotional well-being and builds resilience, could mitigate the detrimental effects of loneliness on physical and mental well-being.