An exploration of the experiences of LGBTQ+ womxn in competitive club level sport in the United Kingdom

Abstract

The aim of this study was to critically examine LGBTQ+ womxn’s experiences of club level sport. Current research treats LGBTQ+ people as a homogenous group and empirical work in this area tends to focus on the experiences of gay men. Therefore, little is known about the experiences of LGBTQ+ womxn. Where LGBTQ+ womxn are studied, the context is often limited to womxn in football or rugby, traditionally male-dominated sports. These studies tend to be framed by psychological analyses like minority stress theory or social theories focusing on masculinities (e.g., Connell). Therefore, the current study sought to offer fresh insights by utilising a dual theoretical approach using Judith Butler’s work on heteronormativity and Erving Goffman’s work on presentation of self in everyday life and stigma.

Ten interviews were conducted with LGBTQ+ womxn, aged 16–25-year-old, who have competed in competitive club level sport in the UK. A reflexive thematic analysis utilising dual theoretical lenses identified five themes – navigating the uncertainties of coming and being out, stigma experienced by LGBTQ+ womxn, homophobia experienced by LGBTQ+ womxn, navigating sport spaces as an LGBTQ+ womxn and a coaches impact. Ultimately heteronormativity and homophobia are still prevalent in sport, although not all participants had directly experienced homophobia. Coaches can have a significant impact on womxn’s experiences, motivation and ability to stay involved in sport over time. Inclusive coaching is key to womxn’s longevity of participation.

Date of Award	18 Jun 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Abertay University
Supervisor	Rhiannon Lord (Supervisor) & David Scott (Supervisor)