An exploratory analysis of factors influencing punching force in combat sports, with a specific focus on the jab and the cross

Abstract

This study examines factors influencing punching force in combat sports, focusing on jab and cross punches. While punching force has been widely studied in boxing, research across various combat sports remains limited. This research addresses that gap by analysing punching force among amateur and recreational athletes from multiple disciplines. Additionally, it explores the role of lower body isometric strength and self-reported training habits, including technical skills and strength and conditioning (S&C).

Seventeen participants (15 male, 2 female), aged 18 to 50, were recruited from boxing, karate, kickboxing, MMA, Muay Thai, and Taekwondo. Twelve competed at the amateur level, while five were non-competitive. Anthropometrics were measured using a digital scale (Tanita MC-780MA P Multi Frequency Segmental Body Composition Analyser). Punching force was assessed via a 200Hz wall-mounted force platform in the following sequences: 1) jab, 2) cross, and 3) jab and cross combinations, under static and moving conditions. Lower body isometric strength was tested using a custom-built isometric chair, and a self-reported survey captured training habits.

Results showed that single punches (jab or cross) generated higher force than combinations, and movement did not significantly alter force. Single static jabs were executed faster than combinations, with no significant differences found in the cross. Single jabs reached maximum force more rapidly, particularly in the first 5 milliseconds. No correlation was found between lower body isometric strength and punching force. Additionally, no significant differences emerged in lower body strength between the left and right legs.

The survey revealed that technical training, especially pad-work, was prioritised by all participants, while S&C was recognised as important for improving performance, particularly punching force.

The findings suggest that lower body strength does not directly determine punching force but plays a supportive role. Integrating combat sport-specific S&C alongside technical training for recreational and amateur athletes may enhance performance.

Date of Award	4 Nov 2024
Original language	English
Supervisor	John Babraj (Supervisor) & Ross Lorimer (Supervisor)